Reply To: District Heiligenbeil – History of Newspapers

[Ahnen-Forscher]

The Schulz of the Office Balga

Today the village school is chosen in larger villages by the local council, in smaller ones by the parishioners. Formerly, the mayor’s office was hereditary and the village schoolchildren, like the people of Cologne, had many privileges over the peasants. The Balga Commanders, who settled in our area, were trying to arrest quite a few immigrants, because the more densely populated a country, the more taxes the Order was able to collect. The Commander gave a trustworthy immigrant a piece of land for colonization. In order to attract quite a few settlers, he received the tenth part of the populated area as property interest-free to the cologne rights. However, he served in larger villages in all cries, army rides and wars to perform an easy service, i. a horse with a man and a harness or, in the future, a horse in front of the gun. Often he had the right to create a pitcher or a mill, waters were nearby, so he was sometimes allowed to fish for his table of necessities. By sale or inheritance, the property was later often divided, e.g. in Eisenberg, or the pitcher or the mill were diverted. The Schulze was a judge in the village. They distinguished small courts, where the punishment amounted to 4 shillings and large courts, where they amounted to more. Of the small dishes the Schulze received the whole amount, of the big ones only the third part. He had no reason to judge foreigners and native Prussians. He was not allowed to impose judgments on the neck and the hands (death penalty and limb mutilation), but sometimes blood and blue (corporal punishment). If the village was fully populated, the Schulze went with the elders and Patleuten to the Commies to Balga. He had the village surveyed and exhibited by the writing brother the handholds, which is still today – after 5 to 6500 years – by some Schulz saved. Now follow the single villages with their children and the year of award of the certificate. Individual families have held the mayor’s office for centuries and are still among the indigenous peasant families today.

On the whole, in the office Balga 1681 were 28 Schulzen with 92 Huben and 6 acres. They performed seven services, one horse in front of the gun, three cologne pennies, three spasm and wax and fifty marks interest.

In the Amte Carben 1675 were 9 Schulzen with 28 Huben who rendered 3 ½ services.

For centuries this order of the order had proved its worth, but as the settlement became denser, the roads became better, and the number of officials increased, it became the prerogative of the Schulzen after the other, first that of the judiciary.

If you want to learn more about the different rural estates, you can buy the book of the Königsberg scholar Dr. med. Robert Stein “The Rural Constitution of East Prussia at the End of the 18th Century.”

1. Schurwerk-free Schulzen:

Waltersdorf (1494) 6 ½ hooves, in 1675 he is called Jakob Grunau (Gronau),

Birkenau (1495) 3 Hufen, in 1675 he is called Christoph Schulz,

German – Thierau (1681) George Radtke and Herzogswalde (1681) Michel Kunz together 8 Huben, they perform a service with men and harness and order the farmers to the Scharwerk.

Bladiau (1495) 4 Huben, he does a service and orders the Scharwerk, 1681 he is called Christoph Birth

Schönwalde (1573) 6 Huben, he is doing a service, he is about to join his neighbors at the Scharwerk, he has good supervision of agriculture, and he sees that the heirs are occupied by good, efficient people. In 1681 he is called Michel Arndt.

Eisenberg (1308). In this village live in 1681 two Schulzen named George Schultz and Christoph Matern, together have 8 Huben to Cologne rights, from Heinrich von Eisenberg, Komptur to Balga 1308 together with the small dishes and the third part of the great courts, as well as free fishing with frame and fishing in the Eisenberg mill pond for table needs been prescribed. On the other hand, they ought to take the “butcher’s shit out of the mills Bahnau and Eisenberg uffs Haus”, and umzechweise with the nearest neighbor and belonging to the mill electoral farming villages, they must also help bring the stones and waves of such mills after the prescription of February 28, 1675. (The descendants of that Schulz lived a few years ago in Kgl. Rödersdorf, those of Matern are still located in Eisenberg today).

Wohlau (1506) 6 Huben, the Schulze has the small meals and does a service, 1 Pfennig and 1 pound of wax, 1681 there is Jakob Ross Schulz.

Böhnigkenwald (1534) 4 Huben, the Schulze is on duty, in 1681 he is called Michell Schirrmacher.

Schönlinde (1494) 5 Huben, he is free of interest, receives the small plates and 1/3 of the great dishes and does a service. 1681 are two Schulzen: Michell Tim and Hanss Tiedemann.

Rödersdorf (1494) 3 Huben, in 1675 he is called Georg Schröter.

 

Lank (1568), the Schulz does a service by putting a horse in front of the gun. 1681 is Hannss Tolksdorf Schulz.

Schönfeldt (1593) 3 Huben, he does a service, in 1675 he is called Hans Schulz. //

2. Schulzen who have Freihuben:

Rehefeld (1322) 5 Huben a service, 1675 George Schulz and Martin Lindenau

Grunau (1331) 6 ½ Huben, George Schröter and Hans Ehlert do a service 1675 ?.

Hansswalde / 1543) 3 Huben Michel Krause, 1675 was the mayor’s office pledged to Gerhardt Sutoren in Königsberg.

Rauschbach (1514) 3 Huben. The Schulze had the income of the small courts and 1/3 of the great courts. He had to drive the butcher’s grain from the Eisenberg mill to the house in Balga, order the Scharwerk, and deliver 1 pfennig and 1 pound of wax. In 1681 he was named Friedrich Fischer.

Hohenfürst (1323) 5 Huben, 1505 3 Huben. He has the income of the small courts, he has to diligently supervise the flock and order the flock. 1681 are two Schulzen, Peter Tolksdorf and Matthes Thurau.

Hermbsdorf (1337) 6 Huben. He has the income of the small courts and 1/3 of the big ones. He has free fishing with angling, ramen and small yarn in the mill pond to Hermsdorf and ordered the Scharwerk.

Rossitten (now Krs. Pr. Eylau) 1634? 4 Huben. He is to have supervision in the execution of the Scharwerk and let himself be used in forwarding and forwarding of the letters. In 1681 it is Hans Abrahamowsky and Andreas Kirschnick.

Husseinen (1584) 4 Huben. Obligations as in Rossitten: He should have supervision in the execution of the Scharwerks and can be used for forwarding and forwarding of the letters, 1681 George Schröter.

Stolzenberg (1563) 4 Huben. Hans Keil bought the mayor’s office for 60 marks before 1681. He should have the supervision when grass-grassing, Heuaust and burning the Kohlhaufenszur Notdurft of the office, then in the Pellsche heath.

Schönborn (1563) 4 Huben. He is to diligently supervise that the heirs are occupied, to see in the wilderness, that hunting, firing, wood cutting and other things are not done by anyone.

 

3. Schulzen, which same farmers must order the Scharwerk together with the post office:

Hoppenbruch (1470) 2 Huben, he is to bring letters from the office Balga to the nobility and others in the parish Bladiau. In 1681 he is called Fabian Hein.

Königsdorf (1598) ½ Hube, 1681 he is called christoph Wiedner.

Kahlholz (1497) a garden, 1681 he is called Christoph Simon.

Wolitta (1681) has no land because of the school’s office, in 1681 he is called Peter Pojet.

Follendorf (1494) In 1681 he is called Christoph Hoffmann.

Rosenberg (1469) In this village lives a Schulz named Andreas Kantel, he has four acres of fields and two acres of Siegfried flat from Schwarzenberg 1469 in addition to the free fishing in the Biberlake, of which he ordered the Scharwerk as other Schulzen and must annually one a penny and a pound of wax.

Passarge (1476) 1 garden, Jakob Kohnert 1681